ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2026
Bisphenol A exacerbates dry eye disease via the CASP1/GSDMD-mediated pyroptotic axis: network toxicology, mendelian randomization, and experimental validation.
Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a pervasive environmental contaminant associated with various systemic toxicities. However, its specific mechanistic involvement in dry eye disease (DED) pathogenesis is not defined. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicological mechanisms of BPA in DED pathogenesis and identify the key molecular mediators driving ocular surface injury. Methods: Toxicity profiles of BPA were predicted using the ProTox and ADMETlab platforms. Network toxicology and machine learning were used to explore pathogenic pathways and molecular mechanisms. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to assess the causal effects of candidate targets on DED. Immune infiltration analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were used to characterize functional features and immune associations. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations evaluated the spatial engagement and stability between BPA and the hub target. Finally, Results: Toxicity assessments predicted significant ocular irritant and corrosive properties for BPA. Machine learning algorithms identified Conclusion: This study suggests that
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