ReviewFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology2026
Engineering nanoparticles for macrophage reprogramming in chronic inflammatory diseases: current advances, challenges, and future perspectives.
Review in Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Inflammation is essential for host defense and tissue repair, yet its dysregulation contributes to the development of numerous chronic diseases. Macrophages play a central role in these processes through their remarkable functional plasticity and ability to adopt pro-inflammatory or pro-resolving states. Nanoparticles have emerged as promising immunomodulatory platforms capable of reprogramming macrophage function through precisely engineered physicochemical properties. This review examines how nanoparticle characteristics, including size, surface charge, surface functionalization, biomimetic coatings, and microenvironment-responsive features, influence macrophage reprogramming across diverse chronic inflammatory diseases. Comparative analysis reveals that successful nanoplatforms frequently target conserved inflammatory pathways, including NF-κB, NLRP3, HIF-1α, and oxidative stress-associated pathways. We further highlight emerging structure-function relationships, translational challenges, and key design principles that can guide the development of next-generation nanotherapeutics aimed at restoring homeostasis in chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.