ArticleLaryngoscope investigative otolaryngology2026
Building OHNS Capacity in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Insights From Global Training Programs.
Article in Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Building OHNS Capacity in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Insights From Global Training Programs.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: Describe the design, goals, and perceived impacts of global otolaryngology-head and neck surgery (OHNS) training programs, with emphasis on institutional factors shaping workforce development and surgeon retention in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional qualitative study from October 2024 to October 2025 using focused, semi-structured interviews on Zoom. Participants included program directors and faculty involved in training otolaryngologists from LMICs. Interview transcripts were analyzed using an inductive analysis approach to develop a codebook and identify emergent themes. Results: Sixteen otolaryngologists representing 15 fellowship-level programs in seven countries were interviewed. Collectively, programs had trained 49 fellowship graduates and nine current fellows from 23 countries. Thematic analysis identified four themes: program design and operational barriers, trainee recruitment and selection, trainee support and post-training mobility, and program impact. Directors emphasized shared goals of sustainable workforce development while describing substantial regulatory, financial, and structural constraints to recruitment and post-training mobility. Among LMIC trainees, 75% returned to their home country, though health system limitations, economic pressures, and credentialing barriers hindered reintegration. For faculty, the inclusion of foreign trainees fostered reciprocal learning environments that influenced perspectives on training adaptability and resource-conscious care. Conclusion: Understanding the shared motivations and barriers shaping international OHNS training programs may inform future program design strategies that support sustainable workforce development and successful trainee reintegration within LMIC health systems. Level of Evidence: 4.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.