SynthesisFrontiers in public health2026
Prevalence and associated factors of cognitive frailty in older adults with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: To explore the prevalence and associated factors of cognitive frailty in older adults with heart failure. Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: We systematically searched China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, the VIP Database, SinoMed, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library and Scopus from their inception to March 30, 2026. Results: A total of 22 studies involving 8,892 older adults with heart failure were included. The meta-analysis showed that the pooled prevalence of cognitive frailty in older adults with heart failure was 32% (95% CI: 27%-37%). Descriptive stratified analyses yielded pooled prevalence estimates of 37% in women and 31% in men. According to New York Heart Association functional classification, the corresponding estimates were 44% among patients classified as class IV and 28% among those classified as classes II-III.The prevalence was also higher in patients with comorbid chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (46%) and coronary heart disease (31%). Older age was associated with higher odds of cognitive frailty (adjusted OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.06-1.18). Depression was also associated with higher odds, whereas exercise and intellectual activity were associated with lower odds. Conclusions and Implications: Cognitive frailty appears to be common among older adults with heart failure, although prevalence estimates vary across populations and assessment approaches. Older age and depression were associated with higher odds of cognitive frailty, whereas exercise and intellectual activity were associated with lower odds. These findings support early screening and comprehensive assessment, while the observed associations should not be interpreted as causal because the available evidence was predominantly observational and cross-sectional. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420261360024, PROSPERO, identifier CRD420261360024.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.