ArticleBiology2026
A Weak Temporal Association Between Multi-Week Geomagnetic Activity and Satellite-Derived Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence Anomalies.
Article in Biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Magnetic-field effects have been reported in controlled biological systems, but the relevance of weak geomagnetic variability to vegetation under natural conditions remains uncertain. We examined temporal associations between satellite-derived solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and geomagnetic disturbance derived from the Disturbance Storm Time (Dst) index. We defined the sign-inverted Dst index, SII, as the sign-inverted daily mean Dst, so that stronger negative Dst excursions corresponded to larger positive SII values. The primary exposure was the trailing 28-day mean SII, excluding the day of the SIF observation. The primary analysis used Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) SIF at 771 nm with leave-one-year-out harmonic adjustment for the annual cycle and linear calendar-time trend. Sensitivity and robustness analyses examined a 21-day exposure, a more flexible cyclic-spline seasonal adjustment, spatial cluster bootstrap, and three temporal-surrogate null models. We also examined temperature and vegetation strata, land-cover and geographic controls, adjustment for an ECMWF Reanalysis version 5 (ERA5) surface solar radiation downwards (SSRD)-derived photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) energy proxy and vapour-pressure deficit, and comparisons with planetary Kp index, 10.7 cm solar radio flux index (F10.7), and supplementary SIF wavelengths. In the primary analysis, the 28-day trailing mean of SII was weakly negatively associated with SIF anomalies (Spearman ρ = -0.051; 95% cluster-bootstrap CI, -0.053 to -0.050), with an estimated linear change of -0.0381 residual-SIF units per 100 nT. Empirical
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