ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2026
Intranasal Administration of Insulin and IGF-1 Protects Hippocampal CA1 Neurons Against Transient Global Forebrain Ischemia by Inhibiting Autophagy, Apoptosis and Neuroinflammation: A Comparative Study.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
In rats with transient global ischemia of forebrain, the intranasal administration of 0.6 µg of IGF-1 or 0.6 IU (equal to 24 µg) of insulin 1 h before or 2 h after (but not 30 min after) the ischemic episode and then daily during 7 days of reperfusion diminished the death of neurons in CA1 region of hippocampus to the levels observed in this region of sham-operated rats. The intracerebroventricular administration of autophagy and apoptosis inhibitors (3-MA and Z-VAD-FMK, respectively) markedly increased the viability of neurons in hippocampal CA1 region, providing evidence that autophagic and apoptotic deaths of neurons predominate in this brain region of rats subjected to forebrain ischemia and reperfusion, while intranasal administration of IGF-1 and insulin are able to diminish or prevent autophagic and apoptotic death of neurons. To confirm such conclusion, we showed that intranasal administration of insulin or IGF-1 prevented the increase in the level of such autophagy markers as LCB3-II and pULK-1(Ser
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