Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42654604›Full record

ReviewMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2026

A Review and Research Proposal on Pioneering Sustainable Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) with Kenaf Fibre Biocomposites for Structural and Electronic Integration.

Thinesh Sharma Balakrishnan, Khalina Abdan, Krzysztof Nozdrzykowski, Rafał Grzejda, Mohd Radzi Ali, Suhas Yeshwant Nayak, Anand Pai

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Thinesh Sharma BalakrishnanLaboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
Khalina AbdanLaboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
Krzysztof NozdrzykowskiFaculty of Marine Engineering, Maritime University of Szczecin, 70-500 Szczecin, Poland.
Rafał GrzejdaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-8323-1335
Mohd Radzi AliLaboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
Suhas Yeshwant NayakManipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India.ORCID 0000-0002-8616-2021
Anand PaiManipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India.ORCID 0000-0003-0206-9872

Funding

Ministry of Higher Education HICOE2.0/5210007
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are experiencing rapid growth across diverse sectors, creating an increasing demand for lightweight, high-performance and environmentally sustainable materials. Conventional drone materials offer excellent mechanical properties but pose environmental concerns due to their high carbon footprint, energy-intensive production and limited biodegradability. Kenaf fibre, a renewable natural fibre, presents a promising alternative owing to its low density, high specific strength, cost-effectiveness and eco-friendly characteristics. This review and research proposal explores the current and potential applications of kenaf-based materials in drone manufacturing, including kenaf fibre-reinforced biocomposites, pressed paper, composite pellets and 3D printing filaments for structural, functional and electrical housing components. Kenaf-based materials have demonstrated mechanical strengths approaching 300 MPa, dielectric constants of approximately 2.5 and electrical breakdown strengths exceeding 150 kV/mm, highlighting their potential for lightweight UAV structures and electronic insulation applications. The proposed research focuses on optimising kenaf fibre treatment, fibre-matrix compatibility, hybrid reinforcement strategies and additive manufacturing parameters to develop lightweight, durable and multifunctional kenaf-based UAV components. The framework aims to establish a systematic pathway for the development and validation of kenaf-based materials for next-generation sustainable UAVs.

Indexed as

additive manufacturingaerospace materialskenaf fibresnatural fibre compositessustainabilityunmanned aerial vehicles

Identifiers

PMID42654604
PMCPMC13514494

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.