ArticleBiochemistry and biophysics reports2026
Dose-dependent protective effects of p-coumaric acid on testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury in a mouse model of testicular torsion.
Article in Biochemistry and biophysics reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Testicular torsion triggers ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury that drives oxidative stress, germ cell apoptosis, and long-term impairment of spermatogenesis and fertility. This study investigated dose-dependent protective effects of p-coumaric acid (p-CA), a phenolic molecule with well-documented antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties, in a mouse model of testicular torsion. Forty adult male mice underwent 2 h of 720° unilateral testicular torsion, followed by detorsion. Animals were randomly assigned to sham, torsion/detorsion (T/D), and three T/D + p-CA groups. Thirty minutes before detorsion, the mice received intraperitoneal p-CA at 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg. Sperm quality (concentration, motility, and kinematics) was evaluated in the right testis and epididymis after a 30-day recovery period. Fertility outcomes, testicular histology, oxidative stress markers, and molecular indicators of apoptosis were also assessed. The T/D procedure markedly diminished sperm quality, lowered antioxidant capacity (TAC, SOD, GPx), reduced hormone levels, elevated malondialdehyde (MDA), and increased apoptotic markers (Bax, caspase-3). Administration of p-CA attenuated these changes in a dose-dependent manner. Doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg most effectively improved sperm parameters, enhanced antioxidant defenses, preserved seminiferous tubule architecture, and suppressed apoptosis. Only moderate improvement was observed with the 50 mg/kg dose. Collectively, the results suggest that p-CA exerts robust protective effects against testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury, preserving spermatogenesis and fertility. To our knowledge, this is the first study to characterize the dose-dependent protective effects of p-CA in a mouse model of testicular torsion/detorsion, integrating detailed sperm kinematics, molecular apoptotic profiling, and actual fertility outcomes within a single experimental framework. These findings extend existing knowledge on phenolic antioxidants and highlight the translational potential of p-CA as a perioperative adjunct in the clinical management of testicular torsion.
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