Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42657339›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2026

Sensory acceptance of four flavors of fish-fortified instant porridge for complementary feeding of infants and young children.

Kathleen Ragsdale, Terezie Tolar-Peterson, Kendra A Byrd, Netsayi N Mudege, Sylvia C Banda

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Kathleen RagsdaleSocial Science Research Center, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States.
Terezie Tolar-PetersonCollege of Health Sciences, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA, United States.
Kendra A ByrdDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, United States.
Netsayi N MudegeWorldFish, Lusaka Office, Lusaka, Zambia.
Sylvia C BandaSylva Food Solutions, Lusaka, Zambia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Porridges fortified with locally available, nutrient rich foods can increase nutrient intakes among infants and young children (IYC), but the addition of ingredients such as fish powder may reduce acceptability. We conducted separate sensory panels among adults and caregiver/IYC pairs in rural Zambia to evaluate the acceptability of four fish-fortified complementary instant porridges [strawberry, vanilla, plain, and vanilla+extra fish powder (EFP)], a product we call ComFA+Fish (Complementary Food for Africa+Fish Powder). We calculated ComFA+Fish's contribution to daily macronutrient requirements for IYC ages 6-23 months, and compared its macronutrient content to three commercially available complementary porridges common to sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods: Using a five-point hedonic scale, we evaluated porridge acceptability among adults ( Results: Sensory acceptability was high across both panels. Among adults, strawberry scored significantly higher than all other flavors on average sensory score; however, for convenience and overall acceptability, only strawberry and vanilla+EFP differed significantly, suggesting broad acceptance of the remaining three flavors. Among IYC, strawberry was rated significantly higher than vanilla+EFP on global liking, with no other significant pairwise differences. The proposed daily serving sizes met 24-83% of the recommended protein intakes across the three age groups (6-8, 9-11, and 12-23 months). The plain porridge's macronutrient profile was similar to or exceeded that of three commercially available complementary porridges common to SSA. Conclusion: These findings support the viability and acceptability of four ComFA+Fish flavors as a culturally appropriate, locally sourced solution to address IYC malnutrition in rural Zambia, with strong potential for scaling across sub-Saharan Africa.

Indexed as

ComFA+fishcomplementary feedingcomplementary food for Africa+fish powderfish-fortified complementary foodsfish powderinfant and young child malnutrition

Identifiers

PMID42657339
PMCPMC13508812

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.