ArticleFrontiers in public health2026
How AI responds to common HIV/AIDS questions: ChatGPT versus DeepSeek.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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11 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) has garnered significant attention and, to some extent, has even replaced certain search engines as a popular channel for people across regions to access information. HIV/AIDS is a common topic among infectious diseases, and patients or high-risk groups frequently search for information online. Our study evaluated the accuracy of two AI models (ChatGPT-3.5 and DeepSeek-R1) in answering HIV/AIDS-related questions. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study comparing two advanced large language models representing Eastern and Western cultural backgrounds, respectively, with a gold standard (an infectious disease specialist). We compiled 26 common questions related to HIV/AIDS and categorized them into four themes (basic knowledge, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention). Three infectious disease experts independently scored the AI models' responses on a 4-point scale for each answer. There was no statistically significant difference in the scores for HIV/AIDS-related questions between the two AI models: Z = -2.135, two-sided Conclusion: Our study has identified the potential of AI models, particularly ChatGPT-3.5 and DeepSeek-R1, to provide accurate and comprehensive responses to HIV/AIDS-related questions. As free online tools, they can provide personalized, useful medical information to diverse populations across regions. However, medical information generated by AI models should still be used under the supervision and review of healthcare professionals.
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