Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42670690›Full record

ArticleTransboundary and emerging diseases2026

Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Horses From Northern and Eastern China: Investigation of Associated Risk Factors and Assessment of Zoonotic Potential.

Xin Peng, Zhongkai Zhang, Chuhan Yan, Fanggu Zhu, Weimeng Qin, Wei Zhao, Jiangqiong Ke

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Transboundary and emerging diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Xin PengDepartment of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China, wmu.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9262-8219
Zhongkai ZhangThe First Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1361-9653
Chuhan YanDepartment of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China, wmu.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8268-4136
Fanggu ZhuDepartment of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China, wmu.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9881-0630
Weimeng QinDepartment of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China, wmu.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1183-2577
Wei ZhaoSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China, wmu.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6673-0741
Jiangqiong KeDepartment of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China, wmu.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0776-6060

Funding

Basic Scientific Research Project of Wenzhou Y2023070
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a zoonotic microsporidian threatening public health, yet epidemiological data on equine infections in China are scarce despite frequent human-horse contact. In this study, 412 fresh horse fecal samples were collected from four Chinese regions covering four rearing systems and were screened for E. bieneusi internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences via nested PCR, with risk factor and phylogenetic analyses conducted. The overall infection prevalence reached 15.0% (62/412), varying geographically from 9.7% (Wenzhou) to 29.3% (Qiqihar). Foals <1 year and male horses exhibited significantly higher infection risks, with crude prevalence ratios (PRs) of 4.47 and 2.28, respectively, while prevalence did not differ statistically across rearing modes (p = 0.182). Eighteen genotypes were identified: 11 known (D, horse1, Peru8, Type IV, EbpC, CAF1, GX3, HNR-VI, SHWR5, SYSWR18, SYSWR23) and seven novel (HRBM1, KDM1, KDM2, QQHRM1, QQHRM2, QQHRM3, WZM1). Genotype D was dominant, accounting for 58.1% (36/62) of positive isolates, followed by genotype horse1 at 14.5% (9/62) and genotype EbpC at 3.2% (2/62). The other eight known genotypes and all seven novel genotypes each had one isolate. All seven novel genotypes clustered within zoonotic Group 1 with all the known genotypes except HNR-VI identified here. This study confirms widespread equine E. bieneusi circulation across eastern and northern China, modulated by geography, age, and sex. The predominance of zoonotic genotypes implies horses serve as potential reservoirs for human transmission, supplying baseline epidemiological evidence for equine One Health biosecurity management.

Indexed as

EnterocytozoonHorse DiseasesMicrosporidiosisAnimalsChinaFecesFemaleGenotypeHorsesMalePhylogenyPrevalenceRisk FactorsZoonosesEnterocytozoon bieneusihorseITS genotype Chinamolecular epidemiologyOne Healthzoonosis

Identifiers

PMID42670690
PMCPMC13527642

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.