Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42671508›Full record

ArticleClinical rheumatology2026

Associations between coeliac disease and musculoskeletal conditions: epidemiology and genetic evidence from a large-scale cohort study.

Jiali Cai, Manli Wang, Xinmeng Yao, Yongyi Zhao, Qi Yuan, Shuyue Zhao, Ding Wang, Xiaohui Sun, Jing Guo, Jiayu Li and 3 more

Abstract read
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Article in Clinical rheumatology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Jiali CaiDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
Manli WangDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
Xinmeng YaoDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
Yongyi ZhaoSchool of the Second Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
Qi YuanDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
Shuyue ZhaoDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
Ding WangZhejiang SUKEAN Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 311228, China.
Xiaohui SunDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
Jing GuoDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
Jiayu LiDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
Ding YeDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
Yingying MaoDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China. myy@zcmu.edu.cn.
Qi-Xin ZhangDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China. zhangqx@zcmu.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesCoeliac disease (CeD) is an autoimmune enteropathy triggered by gluten exposure and is often accompanied by musculoskeletal (MSK) manifestations, but evidence on their overall comorbidity patterns remains limited.

methodsUsing UK Biobank data, we conducted prospective cohort and cross-sectional analyses to systematically evaluate associations between CeD and 24 MSK conditions. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate associations, and logistic regression was applied to assess graded cross-sectional association between MSK burden and CeD odds. Effect modification by polygenic risk score (PRS) was also examined. To further characterize shared genetic architecture and potential directional genetic evidence, linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) and generalized summary-data-based Mendelian randomization (GSMR) were performed using external GWAS summary statistics.

resultsIn the cohort analyses, 6 MSK conditions-osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, spondylosis, and enthesopathies/synovial disorders-were significantly associated with CeD after FDR correction. Greater overall MSK burden was also associated with CeD in both directions (CeD as exposure: HR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.51-1.87; CeD as outcome: HR = 2.31, 95% CI 2.12-2.51). Higher PRS and increasing MSK burden independently increased CeD odds. LDSC identified FDR-significant positive genetic correlations of CeD with osteoporosis (r

conclusionsThese findings demonstrate consistent epidemiological associations between CeD and several MSK conditions and suggest partially shared genetic architecture. The results support greater clinical awareness of CeD-MSK co-occurrence but do not establish causality or a screening strategy. Key Points • This study systematically evaluated the bidirectional associations between coeliac disease and 24 musculoskeletal conditions in a large-scale population-based cohort. • Coeliac disease was associated with the subsequent occurrence of six musculoskeletal conditions, and greater musculoskeletal burden was associated with prevalent coeliac disease. • Higher polygenic risk score and greater musculoskeletal burden were jointly associated with higher odds of prevalent coeliac disease; however, the interaction test was not statistically significant. • Genetic analyses suggested shared genetic architecture, particularly for osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis, while directional GSMR findings require cautious interpretation.

Indexed as

Coeliac diseaseComorbidityGeneralised summary-data-based Mendelian randomisationLD score regressionMusculoskeletal conditions

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.