ReviewJournal of biochemical and molecular toxicology2026
Nrf2-Keap1 Axis Modulation by Phytofabricated Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Lineage Bias.
Review in Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold considerable therapeutic promise in regenerative medicine, yet precise control over lineage fate remains critical for reproducible clinical outcomes. This review examines the Nrf2-Keap1 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1) signaling axis as a redox-sensitive rheostat governing the balance between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Physiological reactive oxygen species (ROS) support osteogenesis in a dose- and context-dependent manner, whereas sustained oxidative stress drives cellular senescence and adipogenic bias; emerging evidence also indicates that Nrf2 hyperactivation can itself impair osteogenic differentiation, pointing to an optimal activation window rather than a simple "more is better" relationship. Conventional plant-derived Nrf2 activators are limited by poor bioavailability and metabolic stability. Phytofabricated metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs), synthesized using plant extracts as capping and stabilizing agents, offer a biocompatible, "green" delivery alternative. We propose that these hybrid systems may act through a dual-stimulus mechanism - phytochemical-mediated electrophilic modification of Keap1 cysteines alongside metal-oxide-core-derived, sub-cytotoxic ROS consistent with mitohormetic signaling - that together could promote Nrf2 nuclear translocation, ARE-driven antioxidant gene expression, and downstream epigenetic reinforcement of osteogenic commitment. This dual-stimulus framework, however, remains a mechanistic hypothesis: no study to date has directly demonstrated Keap1 modification, Nrf2 activation, and resulting lineage bias by phytofabricated MONPs within MSCs. Preclinical studies support the efficacy of phytofabricated MONPs in bone defect models and suggest potential for restoring function in senescent MSCs, but direct mechanistic validation in MSC systems remains an essential next step before these insights can guide rational nanoplatform design for bone regeneration.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.