Trial reportJournal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition2026
Effects of continuous isomaltulose-containing gummy intake on interstitial glucose and salivary hormones during an 18-hole golf round: a randomized, double-blind controlled pilot study.
Trial report in Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundGolf is a prolonged, moderate-intensity sport requiring sustained physiological stability to manage cumulative stress and maintain performance. Although carbohydrate intake is commonly used to reduce fatigue, rapidly absorbed sugar-induced rapid blood glucose fluctuations may induce volatile arousal and latent metabolic stress. Isomaltulose, a slow-digesting disaccharide, provides a steadier glucose supply compared with sucrose. This exploratory pilot study examined the effects of isomaltulose intake on physiological stress markers, glycemic dynamics, and subjective responses during a competitive 18-hole golf round.
methodsTwenty-three male collegiate golfers were randomized to either the isomaltulose group (ISO;
resultsNo significant between-group differences were observed for 18-hole score (
conclusionsIn conclusion, continuous intake of isomaltulose-containing gummies during an 18-hole golf round was associated with differences in selected physiological markers, including DHEAS and testosterone concentrations. However, these findings were not accompanied by improvements in objective golf performance outcomes compared with sucrose-containing gummies. Isomaltulose may influence glycemic dynamics and hormonal responses during prolonged golf play; however, the practical significance of these effects remains exploratory. Further studies with larger sample sizes and appropriate repeated-measures frameworks are needed to determine whether such physiological changes translate into meaningful performance or recovery benefits.
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