ArticleScientific reports2026
Bioreactor-based production of eumelanin nanoparticles by Streptomyces glaucescens NEAE-H: physicochemical characterization, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities, and in silico analysis.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Microbial eumelanin nanoparticles (EuM-NPs) have attracted increasing attention as biocompatible and biodegradable nanomaterials with promising biomedical applications. In the present study, the production of EuM-NPs by Streptomyces glaucescens NEAE-H was optimized in a 7-L stirred-tank bioreactor under controlled fermentation conditions. The study investigated the physicochemical characteristics and the in vivo, in vitro, and in silico anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities of EuM-NPs. The maximum EuM-NPs yield reached 367.51 μg/mL after 22 h of cultivation at an agitation rate of 200 rpm. Physicochemical characterization revealed the formation of nearly spherical nanoparticles with particle sizes ranging from 1.23 to 26 nm and a mean diameter of 15.64 ± 4.576 nm. ζ-potential measurements demonstrated good colloidal stability with a surface charge of - 32.6 ± 4.65 mV. Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed high thermal stability, whereas X-ray diffraction analysis verified the characteristic amorphous structure of the produced EuM-NPs. LC-MS/MS analysis detected the oxidative degradation products pyrrole-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (PDCA) [m/z 156.9] and pyrrole-2,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (PTCA) [m/z 199.9], supporting the presence of eumelanin-derived structural components. In vivo investigations demonstrated significant anticancer activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and solid tumors, reducing tumor volume by up to 78% and tumor weight by up to 83%. Furthermore, EuM-NPs exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity, achieving 62.62% inhibition of carrageenan-induced paw edema. In vitro cyclooxygenase inhibition assays revealed selective inhibition of COX-2 (IC
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