ArticleArchives of craniofacial surgery2026
Germanium-doped calcium phosphate ceramics in combination with mesenchymal stem cells derived from the neural crest, obtained from rabbit vibrissae: an experimental model of rabbit jaw regeneration.
Article in Archives of craniofacial surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundJaw bone regeneration remains a clinical challenge in maxillofacial surgery. Bioactive ceramics and neural crest-derived multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (NC-MSCs) show regenerative potential, but their combined effect in repairing jaw defects has not been fully investigated. To our knowledge, no previous studies have evaluated germanium-doped biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics combined with NC-MSCs from vibrissae in a critical-size mandibular defect model. This study aimed to evaluate biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics doped with 1% germanium (BCPdGe 1%) alone versus BCPdGe 1% combined with NC-MSCs on rabbit mandibular defect regeneration and NC-MSC viability from rabbit vibrissae.
methodsNC-MSC properties on modified ceramics were assessed in vitro using microscopic, cytochemical, and colorimetric analyses. Nine ceramic samples with different Ge and SiO2 concentrations and NC-MSCs from rabbit vibrissae were tested. The BCPdGe 1% group without stem cells was previously evaluated in the same rabbit mandibular defect model and used as a reference control following ethical 3R principles. In vivo, 30 rabbits with critical-size mandibular defects (7 mm) were assigned to BCPdGe 1% (n= 15) or BCPdGe 1%+NC-MSCs (n= 15). Bone regeneration was analyzed histologically, and data were processed in EZR (p< 0.05).
resultsNC-MSCs showed the highest viability with samples no. 3 (pure hydroxyapatite doped with 1.5% germanium), no. 5 (BCPdGe 1%), and no. 7 (biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics doped with SiO2). In vivo, BCPdGe 1% alone achieved significantly better bone regeneration than BCPdGe 1% combined with NC-MSCs.
conclusionImplanted NC-MSCs are highly sensitive to local biological conditions and mechanical stress, highlighting the need for further research on stem cell sources and cultivation methods.
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