Green space is associated with better directed attention and higher crystallized intelligence in middle childhood: Evidence from the ABCD study.

Carina H Fowler, Joan L Luby, Theresa M Bastain, Carrie V Breton, Deanna M Barch

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Environment international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Carina H FowlerDepartment of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, Danforth Campus, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, Medical Campus, St. Louis, MO, USA. Electronic address: chfowler@wustl.edu.

Joan L LubyDepartment of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, Medical Campus, St. Louis, MO, USA.

Theresa M BastainBursky School of Public Health, Washington University in St. Louis, Danforth Campus, St. Louis, MO USA.

Carrie V BretonBursky School of Public Health, Washington University in St. Louis, Danforth Campus, St. Louis, MO USA.

Deanna M BarchDepartment of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, Danforth Campus, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, Medical Campus, St. Louis, MO, USA.

Funding

21/21 ABCD-USA CONSORTIUM: RESEARCH PROJECT SITE AT WUSTLU01DA051038 · NIDA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Deanna Barch, ANDREW C. HEATH · 2020 to 2026

$13.7M

NIDA NIH HHS U01 DA051038

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In the United States, rising attention problems and falling academic achievement in childhood are a public health concern given the importance of childhood directed attention (e.g., effortful, top-down driven attention) and achievement in predicting long-term outcomes. Guided by Attention Restoration Theory (ART), several papers have tested the hypothesis that greater green space exposure may support improved directed attention and achievement in children, with mixed results. To help clarify the role of green space in supporting childhood directed attention and achievement, we tested this hypothesis in the large, diverse Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. American children (N = 11,868, M

Indexed as

AttentionIntelligenceParks, RecreationalChildFemaleHumansMaleUnited StatesABCDAchievementAttentionChildrenGreen space

Identifiers

PMID42691636

DOI10.1016/j.envint.2026.110502

PMCPMC13650651

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.