ArticleBMJ open2026
Developing culturally appropriate physical activity promotion strategies for older Chinese adults in the UK: an evidence-based, theory-based and person-based intervention development study.
Article in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundOlder Chinese adults in the UK face unique needs when engaging in physical activity (PA), yet culturally appropriate strategies to promote PA remain limited.
objectiveTo develop culturally appropriate PA promotion strategies for older Chinese adults living in the UK.
methodsThe intervention development comprised two stages: design and optimisation. It was informed by previous research findings and input from public and community involvement and engagement. Stage 1 combined the person-based approach (PBA), which involved developing guiding principles, an intervention planning table and a logic model, with seven steps of the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) to identify intervention functions, behaviour change techniques (BCTs) and delivery modes to enhance older Chinese adults' capability, opportunity and motivation for PA. Stage 2 used think-aloud interviews with 10 older Chinese adults to optimise the intervention.
resultsSix intervention functions (education, persuasion, incentivisation, training, modelling and enablement), 27 BCTs and multiple delivery modes were identified in stage 1. In stage 2, based on think-aloud interviews with 10 participants, three prototypes were retained in their original form, one new element was added and three were removed. The remaining components were retained with either minor or major modifications. The final strategies included culturally tailored PA booklets, monthly workshops and social media support groups.
conclusionsBy integrating evidence, theory and stakeholder perspectives, and by combining the PBA with the BCW, this study developed the first culturally appropriate PA promotion strategies for older Chinese adults in the UK. Further research is needed to evaluate their feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness.
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