SynthesisBMC nutrition2026
Do elite soccer players meet nutritional requirements? A scoping review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundThis scoping review and meta-analysis synthesised current evidence on energy and macronutrient intake and energy expenditure in elite male and female soccer players. Despite established nutritional guidelines, concerns persist regarding chronic low energy availability and its implications for both performance and health.
methodsA total of 57 studies involving professional and semi-professional athletes aged 16 years and older were included. Meta-analyses were conducted for energy intake and total energy expenditure, with analyses performed separately for male and female players. Evidence was also synthesised for dietary intake, including carbohydrate, protein, and fat consumption.
resultsEnergy intake and expenditure comparisons were based on 11 studies in male players and 6 in female players. Across both sexes, findings consistently demonstrated negative energy balance. Male players exhibited significant intake deficits relative to expenditure, averaging up to - 741 kcal
conclusionThese findings emphasise the need for more rigorous, sex-specific investigations to underpin evidence-based nutritional strategies in elite soccer, thereby bridging the gap between research and practice while safeguarding both performance and athlete well-being.
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