ArticleFrontiers in plant science2026
Spatial metabolomic mapping reveals peel-color- and tissue-region-associated metabolic heterogeneity in postharvest 'Yanzhihong' apricot fruit.
Article in Frontiers in plant science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Spatial metabolic heterogeneity associated with fruit color and tissue type remains insufficiently characterized in postharvest apricot fruit. In this study, MALDI-MSI-based spatial metabolomics was used to characterize color- and tissue-associated ion-response heterogeneity in postharvest 'Yanzhihong' apricot fruit. Methods: RMS-normalized ion responses were analyzed using spatial shrunken-centroid segmentation, principal component analysis (PCA), exploratory orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), fold-change analysis, and sample-level Pearson correlation assessment. Results: Clear overall differentiation was observed between the red- and yellow-colored sides, indicating color-associated spatial metabolic heterogeneity within the fruit. Exploratory differential-feature screening and subsequent spatial analyses highlighted candidate ion features related to monolignol/phenylpropanoid metabolism, phenolic acids, flavonols, sugar phosphates, nucleotide sugars, and membrane lipids. Candidate ion features tentatively assigned to caffeyl alcohol, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid, and dihydroferulic acid, together with most selected membrane-lipid-related candidate features, showed stronger relative responses on the yellow-colored side. In contrast, candidate ion features tentatively assigned to myricetin-3-O-(4″-acetyl)rhamnoside and UDP-GalNAcA showed stronger relative responses on the red-colored side. Among the selected monolignol/phenylpropanoid-, phenolic-acid-, and flavonol-related candidate ion features, the 4-hydroxycinnamic-acid-related ion was the only feature that showed the same regional ordering on both fruit sides, with lower mean responses in the flesh than in the peel and near-stone regions. Other regional mean differences were feature dependent and were not statistically validated at the current sample size. Discussion: These findings characterize candidate color- and tissue-associated ion-response features under the sampled postharvest condition. Given the single cultivar, three paired biological replicates, and one postharvest sampling point, the findings remain exploratory and do not establish postharvest-quality markers.
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