ArticleBioactive materials2027
Metabolic targeting by a small extracellular vesicle-based cellulose-GelMA hydrogel restores neurovascular regeneration in diabetic nerve injury.
Article in Bioactive materials, 2027. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Diabetic peripheral nerve injury (PNI-DM) causes severe sensory and motor dysfunction, yet the metabolic mechanisms impairing neurovascular repair remain unclear. Using histological and molecular analysis of human nerve and muscle tissues, we observed pronounced methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone-1 (MG-H1)/methylglyoxal (MGO)-associated glycation stress, reduced expression of its detoxifying enzyme glyoxalase-1 (GLO-1), enhanced pyroptosis, disrupted neurovascular integrity, and distal muscle atrophy in PNI-DM patients compared with non-diabetic patients. These findings indicate a lesion-site association between PNI-DM and GLO-1/MGO metabolic imbalance. To develop a disease-oriented local intervention, we engineered adipose-derived stem cells to generate GLO-1-enriched small extracellular vesicles (G-sEVs) and incorporated them into a bacterial nanocellulose (BNC)-reinforced gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) patch. The patch showed a stable nanofibrous architecture, excellent conformability, biocompatibility, and controlled release characteristics. In vitro and in vivo, G-sEV@BNC/GelMA mitigated MGO/MG-H1-associated carbonyl stress, reduced inflammation and pyroptosis, promoted neurovascular regeneration, and preserved neuromuscular integrity in diabetic rats. These findings support G-sEV@BNC/GelMA as a disease-context-specific perineural delivery strategy that couples MGO-related metabolic regulation with multicellular neurovascular repair in PNI-DM.
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