ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2026
Spatial pharmacology of anti-cancer immunomodulators: a comprehensive review.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Spatial PK-PD mismatch in tumor-targeting antibodies and ADCs: from lesion access to pharmacologic execution.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The field of spatial pharmacology has emerged as a critical framework for understanding the complex interactions between anti-cancer immunomodulators, tumor cells, and the tumor microenvironment (TME) at single-cell resolution. This review synthesizes the theoretical foundations, historical evolution, clinical applications, diagnostic techniques, therapeutic strategies, and future directions of spatial pharmacology in cancer immunotherapy. By integrating single-cell analysis, signaling dynamics, and multimodal approaches, spatial pharmacology addresses the limitations of traditional "one-size-fits-all" therapies by accounting for intratumoral heterogeneity, drug target accessibility, and immune cell spatial organization. Key advancements include single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) for mapping drug target pathway activation, imaging techniques for visualizing signaling dynamics, and multimodal diagnostics for personalized treatment design. Clinical applications range from optimizing combinatorial regimens in metastatic renal cell carcinoma to predicting immunotherapy response in triple-negative breast cancer. Despite challenges such as overcoming drug resistance and enhancing target accessibility, emerging technologies like spatial transcriptomics and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven multi-omics integration promise to revolutionize precision oncology. This review highlights how spatial pharmacology is transforming cancer immunotherapy by enabling tailored interventions that account for the spatial and temporal complexity of tumor-immune interactions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.