ReviewInternational journal of nanomedicine2026
Smart Colloidal Systems as Drug Delivery and Therapeutic Modulation Platforms for Renal Cell Carcinoma.
Review in International journal of nanomedicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the major malignant tumors of the genitourinary system and remains difficult to treat in advanced or recurrent settings. Although surgery, antiangiogenic targeted therapy, immune checkpoint blockade, mTOR inhibition, and HIF-2α-targeted therapy have improved clinical outcomes, recurrence, therapeutic resistance, heterogeneous tumor exposure, and systemic toxicity continue to restrict long-term efficacy. Smart colloidal systems have attracted attention as drug delivery and therapeutic modulation platforms because their size, surface properties, composition, and responsiveness can be engineered to improve drug stability, tumor accumulation, intracellular delivery, and controlled release. In this review, "smart colloidal systems" refers to functionally engineered colloidal platforms whose design confers therapeutic behavior beyond passive drug encapsulation, including selective tumor- or cell-directed delivery, controlled or stimulus-triggered release or activation, enhanced intracellular delivery, intrinsic carrier-mediated biological effects, and coordinated multimodal therapy. In RCC, these systems have been explored for the delivery of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, immune agonists, checkpoint-regulating nucleic acids, therapeutic genes, siRNAs, ferroptosis-inducing agents, photosensitizers, sonosensitizers, and combination regimens. This review summarizes recent progress in smart colloidal systems for RCC therapy from a treatment-modality perspective, including targeted therapy, immunotherapy, gene and RNA therapy, metabolic and ferroptosis-based therapy, externally triggered therapy, and combination treatment. However, most RCC-directed smart colloidal systems remain at the preclinical stage. Toxicity, renal safety, immune compatibility, biodistribution, manufacturing feasibility, and clinical translation are also discussed. By linking the delivered cargo, colloidal platform, biological rationale, and antitumor strategy, this review aims to clarify the potential value and limitations of smart colloidal systems in RCC treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.