ReviewDiabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy2026
Acute Effects of Exercise Snacks on Glucose and Lipid Metabolic Outcomes in Individuals with Metabolic Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Review in Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Objective: To quantify the acute effects of exercise snacks on glucose and lipid metabolism in individuals with metabolic disorders (including those with type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and overweight or obesity) compared with sedentary behavior and continuous exercise, and to examine their effects across different exercise modalities. Methods: Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, four databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus) were searched up to February 4, 2026, to identify randomized crossover trials that examined the acute effects of exercise snacks on glucose and lipid metabolism in individuals with metabolic disorders. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool, and the quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. The "meta" and "metafor" packages in R (version 4.5.2) were used to calculate pooled effect estimates (using Hedges' g as the effect size) and to conduct publication bias tests, subgroup analyses, and regression analyses. Results: The analysis included 20 randomized crossover trials (21 studies) involving 392 participants. Compared with prolonged sedentary behavior, exercise snacks significantly reduced postprandial glucose AUC (Hedges' g = -0.37, 95% CI -0.53 to -0.22, P < 0.01, I Conclusion: In individuals with metabolic disorders, repeatedly interrupting sedentary behavior with short bouts of mild- to moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (2-5 minutes of activity every ≤30 minutes) can acutely reduce postprandial glucose and insulin responses. A meta-regression analysis suggests that studies involving participants with a higher average age showed a greater reduction in postprandial insulin AUC. No statistically significant differences in short-term glycemic control were observed between exercise "snacks" and a single continuous exercise session; however, this comparison was based on only four studies with small sample sizes and is therefore insufficient to demonstrate the non-inferiority or equivalence of the two exercise patterns. Exercise "snacks" can serve as a low-barrier complementary strategy to regular exercise and other lifestyle management approaches.
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