Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42708085›Full record

ArticleTheranostics2026

Feedback-regulated 3D-printed hydrogel micropatch for integrated therapy of fungal keratitis.

Yujie Liu, Li Ma, Guodong Fang, Tan Li, Hongran Zhao, Ting Wu, Jiajia Zhang, Xia Qi, Xiangyue Hu, Hongwei Wang and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Theranostics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Yujie LiuEye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao 266071, China.
Li MaDepartment of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China.
Guodong FangCollege of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China.
Tan LiEye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao 266071, China.
Hongran ZhaoEye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao 266071, China.
Ting WuEye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao 266071, China.
Jiajia ZhangEye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao 266071, China.
Xia QiEye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao 266071, China.
Xiangyue HuEye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao 266071, China.
Hongwei WangEye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao 266071, China.
Chao YangCollege of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China.
Depeng ShiEye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao 266071, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Rationale: Fungal keratitis remains clinically challenging due to limited drug bioavailability, frequent dosing, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated stromal damage, perforation risk, and bacterial coinfection. In the study, we developed a feedback-regulated multifunctional corneal micropatch (MFCP) via 3D printing for the treatment of fungal keratitis. Methods: The dual-network hydrogel micropatch comprises an ROS-responsive hydrogel (RRH), voriconazole-loaded F127DA micelles (VCZ-F127DA), and gatifloxacin-loaded cerium metal-organic frameworks (GAT-MOFs). We characterized its physicochemical properties and evaluated its biocompatibility, corneal healing capacity, ROS scavenging activity, and antimicrobial performance. Histological staining, cytokine assays, and transcriptomic sequencing were used to assess its therapeutic efficacy in a mouse model of fungal keratitis. Results: MFCP exhibits tunable curvature, high transparency, and mechanical properties matching those of the cornea, along with good biocompatibility. High ROS level can accelerate breakdown of the micropatch and promote drug release, generating strong synergistic antifungal and antibacterial activities. The released GAT-MOFs scavenge excessive ROS, forming a negative feedback loop. In the mouse model of fungal keratitis, MFCP mitigates corneal infection, lowers proinflammatory cytokines, and accelerates tissue repair, with therapeutic efficacy superior to that of voriconazole eye drops. Transcriptomic analysis reveals suppression of NF-κB-mediated inflammatory signaling and upregulation of corneal regenerative pathways after treatment with MFCP. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that MFCP represents a viable therapeutic option for fungal keratitis.

Indexed as

Antifungal AgentsEye Infections, FungalHydrogelsKeratitisAnimalsCorneaDisease Models, AnimalFemaleMicePrinting, Three-DimensionalReactive Oxygen SpeciesVoriconazoleAntifungal AgentsHydrogelsReactive Oxygen SpeciesVoriconazole3D printingcerium metal-organic frameworksdual-network hydrogelfungal keratitismultifunctional corneal micropatch

Identifiers

PMID42708085
PMCPMC13549379

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.