ArticleJournal of Ayurveda and integrative medicine2026
Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Vitex trifolia extract and development of a topical herbal cream.
Article in Journal of Ayurveda and integrative medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundVitex trifolia L. is a medicinal plant traditionally used in Thai medicine for treatment of muscle pain and skin disorders.
objectiveTo evaluate the in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanolic extract of Vitex trifolia (VTE) and to develop a stable topical herbal cream. MATERIALS AND
methodsThe analgesic activity of VTE was evaluated using acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate tests. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using ethyl phenylpropiolate (EPP)-induced ear edema and carrageenan-induced paw edema models in rats. A topical cream was developed containing VTE at 0.4% w/w, and its physical characteristics (pH, viscosity, spreadability, and phase separation), short-term and accelerated stability (at 4 °C and 30 °C for 90 days), and phytochemical contents (phenolics, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins) were analyzed.
resultsVTE (0.5-2.0 mg/ear) significantly reduced EPP-induced ear edema by up to 71.5% at 120 min (p < 0.001) and suppressed carrageenan-induced paw edema by 45.3% at 4 h with a 250 mg/kg body weight (p < 0.001), showing comparable efficacy to standard drugs. The number of abdominal writhes in mice treated with VTE remained statistically comparable to the control group (p > 0.05), and no significant increase in latency time was observed in the hot plate model. The HCF5 cream exhibited favorable physical characteristics (pH: 4.26-4.99; viscosity: 8683-40,065 cP), and remained stable over 90 days, especially at 30 °C. Phytochemical analysis showed stable retention of total phenolics, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins with no significant degradation during storage.
conclusionThis study confirms the anti-inflammatory potential of VTE and its suitability for use in a stable topical herbal formulation.
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