ArticleEuropean journal of neurology2026
Dopaminergic- and Cholinergic-Related Structural MRI Patterns Across Cognitive Subtypes of Parkinson's Disease With Mild Cognitive Impairment.
Article in European journal of neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe dual syndrome hypothesis distinguishes frontostriatal and posterior cortical cognitive subtypes in Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI), which are associated with distinct cognitive profiles and different risks of dementia.
objectiveTo characterize dopaminergic- and cholinergic-related structural MRI patterns across cognitive subtypes of PD-MCI.
methodsA total of 182 non-demented patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and 38 healthy controls (HC) were included. Based on comprehensive neuropsychological assessments, PD patients were classified as having normal cognition (PD-NC, n = 112), PD-MCI with frontostriatal deficits (n = 20), posterior cortical deficits (n = 28), or mixed deficits (n = 22). All participants underwent T1-weighted MRI. Normalized volumetric measures of subcortical nuclei (caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, and thalamus) and the basal forebrain were obtained.
resultsDistinct subtype-specific patterns of subcortical and basal forebrain atrophy were observed. PD-MCI patients with posterior cortical deficits showed significant atrophy of cholinergic nucleus 4 (Ch4) compared with HC and PD-MCI patients with frontostriatal deficits. In contrast, PD-MCI patients with frontostriatal deficits exhibited atrophy of the caudate nucleus and putamen relative to HC. The mixed deficits subtype showed putamen and thalamic atrophy compared with HC. In addition, basal forebrain Ch4 volume was significantly associated with visuospatial performance in PD-MCI patients.
conclusionsDifferent PD-MCI subtypes exhibit distinct patterns of dopaminergic- and cholinergic-related structural alterations on MRI. Posterior cortical deficits are predominantly associated with cholinergic basal forebrain degeneration, whereas frontostriatal deficits are linked to dopaminergic involvement. These findings support the neural heterogeneity underlying cognitive impairment in PD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.