Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42717567›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of neurology2026

Practical Guidance on Initiating and Switching Targeted Immunotherapies in Generalised Myasthenia Gravis: A German-Austrian Expert Opinion Paper.

Andreas Meisel, Adela Della Marina, Paolo Doksani, Tim Hagenacker, Christoph Kleinschnitz, Heidrun H Krämer, Jan D Lünemann, Sven G Meuth, Tobias Ruck, Ulrike Schara-Schmidt and 8 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in European journal of neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Andreas MeiselDepartment of Neurology With Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7233-5342
Adela Della MarinaDepartment of Pediatric Neurology, Center for Neuromuscular Disorders in Children and Adolescents, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Paolo DoksaniDepartment of Neurology With Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5381-5995
Tim HagenackerDepartment of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3631-3450
Christoph KleinschnitzDepartment of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
Heidrun H KrämerDepartment of Neurology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0615-1304
Jan D LünemannDivision of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3007-708X
Sven G MeuthDepartment of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Tobias RuckDepartment of Neurology, Ruhr University Bochum, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, Bochum, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6332-8650
Ulrike Schara-SchmidtDepartment of Pediatric Neurology, Center for Neuromuscular Disorders in Children and Adolescents, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Christiane Schneider-GoldDepartment of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
Benedikt SchoserFriedrich-Baur-Institut Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik LMU Klinikum München, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, LMU Clinics Munich, Munich, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2757-8131
Michael SchroeterDepartment of Neurology, University of Cologne and University Hospital, Cologne, Germany.
Charlotte SchubertDepartment of Neurology, Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2967-4290
Jörn Peter SiebDepartment of Neurology, Helios Hanseklinikum Stralsund, Stralsund, Germany.
Fritz ZimprichDepartment of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6998-5480
Jana ZschüntzschDepartment of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7062-5319
Sarah HoffmannDepartment of Neurology With Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9549-2594

Funding

Alexion Pharmaceuticals
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe therapeutic landscape of generalised myasthenia gravis (gMG) has evolved substantially with the approval of targeted immunotherapies, including complement C5 inhibitors (C5-I) and neonatal Fc receptor inhibitors (FcRn-I). While pivotal trials have demonstrated marked efficacy in defined subgroups, real-world experience reveals more heterogeneous outcomes and raises questions about optimal patient selection, therapy sequencing and integration into clinical practice. In Germany and Austria, early access following regulatory approval has facilitated clinical experience over recent years. This expert opinion paper aims to combine current evidence with clinical experience to guide the use of C5-I and FcRn-I in everyday care.

methodsA panel of 18 neurologists from Germany and Austria, including two paediatric neurologists, evaluated study data and real-world experiences. Through structured discussion and a consensus process, they developed evidence- and experience-based recommendations on integrating targeted immunotherapies into existing treatment algorithms.

resultsThe panel provides practical recommendations for managing (highly) active gMG in adults, focusing on C5-I (eculizumab, ravulizumab, zilucoplan) and FcRn-I (efgartigimod, rozanolixizumab). The statements cover initiation criteria, sequencing and switching within and between drug classes and transitions to intensified immunomodulatory therapies (rituximab, apheresis, intravenous or subcutaneous immunoglobulin), as well as special considerations for juvenile MG.

conclusionsThis expert statement provides a practice-oriented framework integrating current evidence and clinical experience to support individualised therapeutic decision-making in gMG.

Indexed as

ImmunotherapyMyasthenia GravisAustriaGermanyHistocompatibility Antigens Class IHumansReceptors, FcFc receptor, neonatalHistocompatibility Antigens Class IReceptors, Fcclinical practicecomplement inhibitorsgeneralised myasthenia gravisneonatal fc receptor inhibitorstargeted immunotherapies

Identifiers

PMID42717567
PMCPMC13559022

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.