SynthesisFrontiers in oncology2026
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-based combination therapy for platinum-resistant or platinum-refractory recurrent ovarian cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective trials.
Synthesis in Frontiers in oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Background: The clinical value of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based combinations in platinum-resistant or platinum-refractory recurrent ovarian cancer remains regimen-dependent and uncertain. We updated the evidence base and separated nonrandomized response evidence from randomized comparative evidence. Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched from inception to 23 July 2026, supplemented by reference and citation searching. Eligible reports were peer-reviewed prospective phase II or III trials of an ICI-containing combination in adults with platinum-resistant or platinum-refractory recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer. Front-line, maintenance-only, ICI-monotherapy, retrospective, phase I-only, protocol-only, and mixed platinum-status cohorts without extractable resistant/refractory data were excluded. Objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) from compatible nonrandomized cohorts were synthesized as proportions using a logit random-effects model with Paule-Mandel variance estimation and Hartung-Knapp confidence intervals. Randomized hazard ratios were synthesized descriptively and were not pooled. Results: Twenty-one eligible prospective reports were included, comprising 14 nonrandomized reports and 7 randomized trials. Of the 14 nonrandomized reports, 13 provided compatible confirmed response data for the pooled ORR analysis, yielding 112 objective responses among 490 participants and a pooled ORR of 21.9% (95% CI, 13.1%-34.3%; I² = 70.7%). The remaining nonrandomized report was retained for narrative synthesis only because it reported an unconfirmed response. Ten nonrandomized reports contributed 211 disease-control events among 354 participants, yielding a pooled DCR of 59.9% (95% CI, 46.4%-72.1%; I² = 71.7%). The seven randomized trials were summarized separately and were not pooled with the nonrandomized reports. KEYNOTE-B96 demonstrated improved progression-free survival (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.58-0.84) and overall survival (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.69-0.97), whereas JAVELIN Ovarian 200, EORTC 1508, NRG-GY023, and AGO-OVAR 2.29 did not meet their primary efficacy objectives. Conclusions: ICI-based combinations show measurable but highly heterogeneous activity in platinum-resistant/refractory ovarian cancer. The evidence does not support a uniform class effect: a survival benefit is established for pembrolizumab plus weekly paclitaxel in KEYNOTE-B96, whereas several other randomized strategies were negative. Future trials should prioritize regimen-specific validation, biomarker enrichment, and harmonized toxicity reporting.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.