ReviewJournal of thoracic disease2026
New approaches for cryptococcosis treatment and prevention-a systematic review.
Review in Journal of thoracic disease, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Cryptococcosis remains a life-threatening fungal infection with high mortality despite current antifungal therapy. The toxicity, limited accessibility, poor tissue penetration, and increasing resistance associated with conventional antifungals highlight the need for innovative preventive and therapeutic strategies. This systematic review summarises recent advances in cryptococcosis management and identifies priorities for future research and clinical translation. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were systematically searched for studies published between January 2005 and December 2025. Data on study characteristics, therapeutic strategies, mechanisms, and outcomes were extracted. Because of substantial heterogeneity among clinical and preclinical studies, quantitative synthesis and certainty-of-evidence assessment were not performed. Results: Eighty-six studies were included. Promising advances were identified in vaccines, immunotherapy, nanotechnology-based drug delivery, novel antifungal agents, drug repurposing, and non-pharmacological interventions. Vaccine candidates induced protective immunity in animal models but remain preclinical. Adjunctive interferon-γ is the only immunotherapy supported by clinical evidence, whereas programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CART) therapy, most of monoclonal antibodies, and other immunomodulators remain under preclinical investigation. MAT2203 demonstrated non-inferior efficacy with improved safety compared with intravenous amphotericin B. Several novel antifungal agents have entered clinical development, whereas repurposed drugs have shown limited clinical benefit. Most non-pharmacological approaches also remain experimental. Conclusions: Emerging strategies are reshaping cryptococcosis management beyond conventional antifungal therapy. Although most remain at the preclinical or early clinical stage, advances in host-directed immunotherapy, nanomedicine, and novel antifungal development provide promising opportunities to improve treatment efficacy, safety, and accessibility. Well-designed clinical studies are needed to facilitate clinical translation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.