Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42724815›Full record

ArticleAnnals of medicine and surgery (2012)2026

Microvascular damage in diabetic nephropathy and the subsequent risk of Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review.

Noura Mohammed, Tho Alyazan Khalil Taher Al-Jabali, Nuha Yassien, Iman Osman Abufatima, Fatima Omer Ibrahim Ahmed, Soukina El Yazal, Wehiba Satti, Nadine Alalamat, Mohammed Aamer Abkar Ibrahim, Basma Tirelbar and 6 more

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Article in Annals of medicine and surgery (2012), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Noura MohammedFaculty of Medicine, Karary University, Khartoum, Sudan.
Tho Alyazan Khalil Taher Al-JabaliFaculty of Medicine, University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.
Nuha YassienFaculty of Medicine, University of Juba, Juba, South Sudan.
Iman Osman AbufatimaFaculty of Medicine, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8896-9463
Fatima Omer Ibrahim AhmedFaculty of Medicine, University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.
Soukina El YazalFaculty of Medicine, Capital health Regional Medical Center, Trenton, New Jersey, USA.
Wehiba SattiFaculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
Nadine AlalamatFaculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Karak, Jordan.
Mohammed Aamer Abkar IbrahimFaculty of Medicine, University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.
Basma TirelbarFaculty of Medicine, Menofia University, Shebin El-Koum, Egypt.
Leepy PaudelFaculty of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Islam Abdalla Abdelsadig MahmoudFaculty of Medicine, University of Kordofan, Kordofan, Sudan.
Leama HumdiFaculty of Medicine, Zamzam University, Khartoum, Sudan.
Hajer AliFaculty of Medicine, University of Juba, Juba, South Sudan.
Mohammed Hammad Jaber AminFaculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Kharotum, Sudan.
Nadir AbdelrahmanFaculty of Medicine, The Tele-Geriatric Research Fellowship, Michigan, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a major microvascular complication of diabetes, is increasingly implicated in systemic vascular dysfunction and may contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microvascular injury is a recognized mechanism in AD, and DN-related damage may raise the risk of cognitive decline. Methods: Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we searched PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library (2000-2025) for studies on DN-related vascular damage and cognitive outcomes. Quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the AXIS tool. Results: Of 275 records, nine studies were included (cross-sectional and longitudinal, with up to 37.5 years of follow-up). DN was measured via eGFR, albuminuria, the fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio, or ICD codes; cognition via assessed using amyloid PET, neurocognitive tests, or registry data. All studies found that impaired kidney function was associated with a greater risk of AD or cognitive decline. Conclusion: Available evidence links DN-related microvascular damage to a higher risk of AD, suggesting a kidney-brain axis. However, causality remains uncertain and requires longitudinal and mechanistic studies to clarify these pathways.

Indexed as

Alzheimer’s diseasecognitive declinediabetic nephropathykidney–brain axismicrovascular dysfunction

Identifiers

PMID42724815
PMCPMC13561178

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.