Oral Manifestations of Juvenile Behçet Syndrome: A Case Report and Mini-Review of the Literature.

Behçet's disease is a chronic, relapsing, multisystem inflammatory vasculitis characterized by a broad spectrum of mucocutaneous and systemic manifestations. Oral ulcerations are often the earliest and most frequent clinical feature, playing a central role in diagnosis, particularly in pediatric patients, in whom the disease remains uncommon and its diagnosis is frequently delayed. We report the case of a boy aged 11 years and 6 months with juvenile Behçet syndrome who presented with recurrent oral aphthous ulcerations, including an 8-mm ulcer on the left lateral border of the tongue and a 5-mm ulcer on the external surface of the upper lip, along with poor oral hygiene and generalized gingival inflammation. The patient had a history of arthralgia and was receiving colchicine (1 mg/day). Oral management consisted of reinforcement of oral hygiene and dietary measures, full-mouth scaling, and topical treatment with corticosteroids and propolis-based therapy. At the 10-day follow-up, complete healing of the initial oral lesions and marked improvement in gingival inflammation were observed, although new aphthous ulcers developed at different intraoral sites, consistent with the relapsing nature of the disease. This case highlights the importance of early recognition of oral manifestations in Pediatric Behçet's Disease (PEDBD) and emphasizes the key role of pediatric dentists in facilitating diagnosis, multidisciplinary management, and long-term follow-up. Appropriate oral care may contribute to improved symptom control, enhanced quality of life, and the prevention of oral complications.