ArticleBio-protocol2026
Endoscopic Collection and Analysis of Gastric Fluid DNA: A Liquid Biopsy Methodology for Tumor Biomarker Discovery.
Article in Bio-protocol, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gastric cancer remains a major global health challenge, and reliable prognostic biomarkers are urgently needed to guide treatment decisions. Here, we present a simple and efficient protocol for a novel liquid biopsy approach based on quantifying gastric fluid DNA (gfDNA) collected during routine esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). We have previously shown that gfDNA carries gastric cancer-derived mutations; moreover, its concentration increases with tumor progression and varies according to cancer prognosis. This empirically observed increase in gfDNA may mechanistically stem from enhanced cellular turnover, tissue disorganization, dysbiosis of the local microbiota, and/or fluctuations in immune cell infiltrates. Surprisingly, however, in patients diagnosed with gastric cancer, elevated gfDNA levels were also associated with improved survival. This paradoxical finding may be reconciled by an increased anti-tumor immune cell response in treatment-responsive gastric cancers, as well as by the contribution of non-tumoral DNA from inflammatory processes within the microenvironment of the stomach. Here, we detail a standardized protocol for gastric fluid collection and processing, designed to support downstream gfDNA quantification among other potential molecular applications. Key features • A novel liquid biopsy approach for discovering potential biomarkers in human gastric cancer. • Translation of simple gfDNA concentration analysis for the diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer. • gfDNA cutoff metrics that discriminate between groups and enable tumor prognostic classification. • gfDNA as a source for downstream profiling of genetic mutations and microbiome-related studies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.