Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42726385›Full record

ReviewCurrent cardiology reports2026

Beyond Angiography: Redefining The Gold Standard for Coronary Atherosclerosis.

Costantino Roberto Frack Costantini, Jose Antonio Franchini Ramires, Marcos Antônio Denk, Costantino Ortiz Costantini, Sergio Gustavo Tarbine, Vinicius Shibata Ferrari, Mauricio Moreira Signorini, Everton Cardoso Dombeck, Rafael Michel de Macedo

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Current cardiology reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Costantino Roberto Frack CostantiniHospital Cardiológico Costantini & Instituto Francisco Costantini - Rua Pedro Collere, 890 [81320-320], Curitiba/Paraná, Brasil. crcostantini@hospitalcostantini.com.br.
Jose Antonio Franchini RamiresInCor HCFMUSP - Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 44 [05403-900], São Paulo/São Paulo, Brasil.
Marcos Antônio DenkHospital Cardiológico Costantini & Instituto Francisco Costantini - Rua Pedro Collere, 890 [81320-320], Curitiba/Paraná, Brasil.
Costantino Ortiz CostantiniHospital Cardiológico Costantini & Instituto Francisco Costantini - Rua Pedro Collere, 890 [81320-320], Curitiba/Paraná, Brasil.
Sergio Gustavo TarbineHospital Cardiológico Costantini & Instituto Francisco Costantini - Rua Pedro Collere, 890 [81320-320], Curitiba/Paraná, Brasil.
Vinicius Shibata FerrariHospital Cardiológico Costantini & Instituto Francisco Costantini - Rua Pedro Collere, 890 [81320-320], Curitiba/Paraná, Brasil.
Mauricio Moreira SignoriniHospital Cardiológico Costantini & Instituto Francisco Costantini - Rua Pedro Collere, 890 [81320-320], Curitiba/Paraná, Brasil.
Everton Cardoso DombeckHospital Cardiológico Costantini & Instituto Francisco Costantini - Rua Pedro Collere, 890 [81320-320], Curitiba/Paraná, Brasil.
Rafael Michel de MacedoHospital Cardiológico Costantini & Instituto Francisco Costantini - Rua Pedro Collere, 890 [81320-320], Curitiba/Paraná, Brasil.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purpose of reviewTo examine the evolving paradigm of coronary artery disease [CAD] diagnosis beyond conventional coronary angiography and discuss how contemporary imaging modalities, coronary physiology, and artificial intelligence contribute to a more comprehensive assessment of coronary atherosclerosis. We explore whether the traditional stenosis-centered approach remains sufficient for risk stratification and clinical decision-making. RECENT

findingsRecent evidence has demonstrated that coronary risk is determined not only by luminal stenosis but also by plaque burden, plaque phenotype, vascular remodeling, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, thrombogenicity, coronary physiology, microvascular integrity, and patient-level vulnerability. Intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography provide detailed characterization of plaque morphology and vessel wall pathology, whereas fractional flow reserve and non-hyperemic pressure ratios identify flow-limiting epicardial disease. Coronary computed tomography angiography, combined with CT-derived fractional flow reserve, enables noninvasive evaluation of coronary anatomy, plaque characteristics, perivascular inflammation, and functional significance. Artificial intelligence is emerging as a powerful tool for integrating multimodality imaging and clinical data into individualized risk assessment and therapeutic planning. Coronary angiography remains fundamental for defining coronary anatomy and guiding revascularization but is no longer sufficient as a standalone reference standard for CAD evaluation. Contemporary diagnosis should integrate anatomical, biological, physiological, inflammatory, and patient-specific information to improve risk stratification and personalize treatment. Future advances will likely depend on multimodality imaging supported by artificial intelligence, enabling a precision cardiovascular medicine approach centered on the vulnerable patient rather than stenosis severity alone.

Indexed as

Coronary AngiographyCoronary Artery DiseaseArtificial IntelligenceComputed Tomography AngiographyCoronary VesselsFractional Flow Reserve, MyocardialHumansPlaque, AtheroscleroticRisk AssessmentTomography, Optical CoherenceUltrasonography, InterventionalArtificial intelligenceCoronary angiogaphyCoronary artery diseaseCoronary computed tomography angiographyIntravascular imagingVulnerable plaque

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.