ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2026
Clinical, laboratory, and medication-related factors associated with in-hospital mortality among oncology patients at a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia.
Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Oncology inpatients face physiological decline alongside complex pharmacology, yet clinical mortality predictors and drug-related risks remain understudied in Middle Eastern populations. This study identified independent predictors of in-hospital mortality and characterized potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs) among hospitalized cancer patients in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This retrospective cohort study evaluated 401 adult oncology inpatients admitted to a tertiary care center in Hail, Saudi Arabia (2020-2022). Demographics, clinical parameters, and medication profiles were extracted from medical records. Bivariate correlations were assessed using point-biserial ( Results: The cohort was predominantly female (67.6%) and Saudi (85.0%), with solid malignancies accounting for 94.3% of cases. In-hospital mortality was 25.2% ( Conclusion: In-hospital mortality is strongly driven by acute organ dysfunction and physiological decline rather than database-flagged interactions alone. However, the high prevalence of severe pDDI flags highlights a critical need to integrate structured clinical pharmacy reviews into oncology admission protocols. Targeted medication safety interventions should focus on avoiding nephrotoxic combinations and establishing pre-therapeutic pharmacogenetic screening to mitigate potential iatrogenic risks.
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