Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42730022›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026

Inhibitory immune checkpoints in preeclampsia: current landscape, mechanisms, and clinical perspectives.

Mi Liu, Guikai Duan, Xiaomin Lai, Bingying Lin, Xiang Li, Jie Yang, Shu Cao, Hao Chen, Tong Wang, Bingyan Chen and 6 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Mi Liu *Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Women and Children's Medical Center, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
Guikai Duan *Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Women and Children's Medical Center, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
Xiaomin Lai *Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Third Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
Bingying LinDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Women and Children's Medical Center, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
Xiang LiDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Women and Children's Medical Center, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
Jie YangDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Women and Children's Medical Center, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
Shu CaoDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Women and Children's Medical Center, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
Hao ChenDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Women and Children's Medical Center, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
Tong WangDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Women and Children's Medical Center, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
Bingyan ChenDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Women and Children's Medical Center, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
Zhihua HeDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Women and Children's Medical Center, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
Qinglin MaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Women and Children's Medical Center, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
Chun DuanDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Women and Children's Medical Center, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
Yan ZhuDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Women and Children's Medical Center, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
Yuanbin Lu *Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Bao'an District Songgang People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
Yuchi Gao *Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Women and Children's Medical Center, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific disorder whose pathogenesis remains incompletely elucidated. The prevailing theory suggests that compromised maternal-fetal immune tolerance is a key contributor. In recent years, inhibitory immune checkpoints have garnered considerable attention as key regulatory factors in maintaining immune homeostasis during pregnancy. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (Tim-3), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), and lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) are well-established inhibitory immune checkpoints in reproductive immunology. Additionally, emerging co-inhibitory molecules such as B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) and V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) have been increasingly implicated in the regulation of maternal-fetal immune tolerance. This review focuses on dissecting the mechanisms of inhibitory immune checkpoints in preeclampsia as well as their functions in maternal-fetal immune regulation. We evaluate their potential as early diagnostic biomarkers and novel targets for immunotherapy, highlight the limitations of existing relevant investigations, and outline critical pathways for subsequent clinical translation, offering insights into precision prophylaxis and treatment of preeclampsia.

Indexed as

Immune Checkpoint ProteinsPre-EclampsiaAnimalsBiomarkersFemaleHumansImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsImmune ToleranceImmunotherapyPregnancyBiomarkersImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsImmune Checkpoint Proteinsbiomarkerimmune checkpointimmune toleranceimmunotherapymaternal-fetal interfacepreeclampsia

Identifiers

PMID42730022
PMCPMC13563570

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.