Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42730697›Full record

ArticleMacromolecular bioscience2026

Stimulation Based Drug Release From Dual-Layered Microspheres.

Ahmad Zunnu Rain, Harini G Sundararaghavan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Macromolecular bioscience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Ahmad Zunnu RainDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2021-5134
Harini G SundararaghavanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0205-6449

Funding

Department of Defense W81XWH221056
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The ability to mimic biological release of growth factors during regeneration and repair has important applications in several tissue-engineered systems. PLGA microspheres hydrolyze in water, resulting in high burst release. Gelatin microspheres maintain controlled release but are susceptible to enzymatic degradation, resulting in nonlinear release. The goal of this project is to develop a bioengineered scaffold that allows sustained, linear growth-factor release that is fully controlled via electrical stimulation. We have fabricated a hyaluronic acid-carbon nanotube (HA-CNT) conductive nanofiber material that is seeded with our dual-layered PLGA-gelatin microspheres loaded with growth factors that can be controlled via electrical stimulation to maintain linear release. Electrical stimulation of the HA-CNT fibers allows for electrophoretic transport of positively charged proteins through the gelatin layer to initiate growth-factor release, and the PLGA allows continual linearized release. Growth factor release was tested in both fibroblasts and chick dorsal root ganglia model. Both cell types showed activity under electrically released growth factors.

Indexed as

Drug LiberationMicrospheresAnimalsChickensDelayed-Action PreparationsElectric StimulationFibroblastsGanglia, SpinalGelatinHyaluronic AcidLactic AcidNanofibersNanotubes, CarbonPolyglycolic AcidPolylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid CopolymerTissue EngineeringDelayed-Action PreparationsGelatinHyaluronic AcidLactic AcidNanotubes, CarbonPolyglycolic AcidPolylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymerbiomedical engineeringbiophysicscontrolled releasegelatinmaterials sciencenanofiberplgastimulationtissue engineering

Identifiers

PMID42730697
PMCPMC13570566

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.