ArticleEuropean journal of applied physiology2026
3D ultrasonography reveals a twisted proximal aponeurosis within the biceps femoris long head.
Article in European journal of applied physiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThis study aimed to characterize three-dimensional course and orientation of the proximal aponeurosis of the biceps femoris long head (BFlh) and examine whether local aponeurosis orientations vary with knee-joint angle and relate to fascicle architecture under passive conditions.
methodsThree-dimensional ultrasonography of the passive BFlh was performed in eleven healthy adults with knee flexion of 0° and 30° and hip in neutral (0°). Aponeurosis orientation was quantified across the visible segmented portion relative to the most transverse proximal slice (0%) within each knee-angle condition and summarized within five longitudinal sections. Fascicle length (FL) was assessed using a two-segment approach and pennation angle (PA; local fascicle-aponeurosis angle) relative to proximal and distal aponeuroses.
resultsProximal aponeurosis exhibited a twisted three-dimensional course with substantial inter-individual variability. Local orientation showed a significant section × knee angle interaction (p = 0.016), although overall aponeurosis orientation did not differ between knee angles. Fascicles were shorter at 30° (- 8.8% ± 3.4%). PA-distal was greater than PA-proximal (p < 0.001), with no knee-angle effect (p = 0.197). Knee-angle-dependent changes in aponeurosis orientation were not associated with changes in FL or PA. At 30°, however, aponeurosis orientation at 40-60% section was positively associated with FL (r = 0.879, 95% CI [0.558, 0.971], Holm-adjusted p = 0.005).
conclusionBFlh proximal aponeurosis showed locally varying three-dimensional orientation that was largely maintained across passive knee flexion. Associations with fascicle architecture were limited and configuration-dependent, with no association between knee-angle-dependent changes in aponeurosis orientation and changes in FL or PA.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42730854What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.