ArticleInfection and drug resistance2026
Factors Associated with Active Tuberculosis Disease in Patients with Lung Cancer Following Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy: A Retrospective Cohort Study and Case Reports.
Article in Infection and drug resistance, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized lung cancer treatment by improving survival in patients with advanced disease and expanding treatment options for patients with early-stage disease. However, ICIs may increase the risk of active tuberculosis (TB) disease. Our study investigated potential warning markers for active TB disease in patients with lung cancer receiving ICIs, aiming to inform management strategies. Methods: A retrospective cohort study at Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University reviewed 4157 solid tumor patients treated with ICIs from January 2021 to February 2023. A total of 118 patients with lung cancer were included, either diagnosed with latent TB infection or non-active TB, or had a confirmed TB history before the start of ICI therapy. The primary outcome was the occurrence of active TB disease, with follow-up extending to February 1, 2024. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to account for differences in baseline characteristics. Results: Among the 118 patients, 5 (4.24%) developed active TB. Post-PSM Fisher's exact test suggested that confirmed TB history (RR: 4.00, Conclusion: The identification of significant factors associated with active TB underscores the importance of vigilant monitoring and early intervention. A decrease in the T-SPOT.
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