Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42738313›Full record

ReviewCancers2026

Biomarkers in Gastric Cancer: Blood Biomarkers, Liquid Biopsy, Artificial Intelligence, and Risk-Stratified Care.

Helen D Kim, Bryant Morocho, Elliott Lee, Steve Kwon

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cancers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Helen D KimWarren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA.ORCID 0009-0009-0052-537X
Bryant MorochoDepartment of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, RI 02908, USA.
Elliott LeeDepartment of Surgery, Roger Williams Surgery and Cancer Outcomes Research and Equity (RWSCORE) Center, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, RI 02908, USA.
Steve KwonDepartment of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGastric cancer is often diagnosed in advanced stages for patients in countries without organized screening processes. Non-invasive biomarkers have been proposed to risk-stratify and identify those who should undergo endoscopy.

methodsWe searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar for studies published between January 2006 and May 2026 reporting diagnostic accuracy or health-economic outcomes for gastric cancer detection in asymptomatic adults or patients with precursor mucosal lesions. Twenty-five studies met eligibility criteria and were synthesized narratively, with reporting informed by PRISMA-DTA and Ferrari guidance.

resultsSystemic inflammatory indices derived from routine blood counts are inexpensive but non-specific, with individual areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) between 0.65 and 0.83. Serological markers of mucosal atrophy have a clearer biological basis and carry the review's only large Western validation dataset but preferentially detect corpus-predominant disease. Liquid biopsy platforms report the highest accuracy, up to an AUC of 0.968, though sensitivity falls to 62.4% for precancerous lesions and to 44% for stage I disease on some platforms. Magnifying narrow-band imaging reported the highest accuracy among the endoscopic modalities reviewed, with an AUC of 0.97. In low-incidence Western settings, one-time serum pepsinogen screening with endoscopy reserved for positive results is cost-effective at USD 4913 per QALY gained.

conclusionsReported accuracy is encouraging across all four classes of gastric cancer markers but derives mainly from retrospective East Asian case-control cohorts and declines at the earliest stages of disease. The evidence supports using these markers to triage toward endoscopy rather than to diagnose directly. Validation in Western populations remains a gap.

Indexed as

artificial intelligencebiomarkerscancer screeningcost-effectivenessendoscopic imaginggastric cancerliquid biopsypepsinogen

Identifiers

PMID42738313
PMCPMC13565052

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.