A Proposed Microneedle-Small Extracellular Vesicle System for Localized Adjunctive Treatment of Established Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Narrative Review and Preclinical Development Perspective.

Hai He, Zishuai Chen, Hengxiang Liu, Xiaohua Zhang, Zhiqiang Li, Heqiang Yang, Xiaoyong Chen, Yufei Yang, Zifan Wang

Abstract readReview

In one paragraph

Review in Cells, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Hai HeKey Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, School of Bioengineering, Northwest Minzu University, No. 1 Xibeixincun, Baiyin Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730030, China.

Zishuai ChenKey Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, School of Bioengineering, Northwest Minzu University, No. 1 Xibeixincun, Baiyin Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730030, China.

Hengxiang LiuKey Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, School of Bioengineering, Northwest Minzu University, No. 1 Xibeixincun, Baiyin Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730030, China.

Xiaohua ZhangKey Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Stomatology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Stomatology, Northwest Minzu University, No. 1 Xibeixincun, Baiyin Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730030, China.

Zhiqiang LiKey Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Stomatology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Stomatology, Northwest Minzu University, No. 1 Xibeixincun, Baiyin Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730030, China.ORCID 0000-0001-6828-8432

Heqiang YangKey Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, School of Bioengineering, Northwest Minzu University, No. 1 Xibeixincun, Baiyin Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730030, China.

Xiaoyong ChenKey Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, School of Bioengineering, Northwest Minzu University, No. 1 Xibeixincun, Baiyin Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730030, China.

Yufei YangKey Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, School of Bioengineering, Northwest Minzu University, No. 1 Xibeixincun, Baiyin Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730030, China.

Zifan WangKey Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, School of Bioengineering, Northwest Minzu University, No. 1 Xibeixincun, Baiyin Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730030, China.ORCID 0009-0002-4859-6926

Funding

Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Department 26ZDFA003Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Department SZD202501

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Established oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains constrained by local recurrence, inadequate lesion exposure, systemic toxicity, and therapy resistance. This narrative review evaluates a proposed microneedle-small extracellular vesicle (sEV) system for localized adjunctive treatment in three preclinical contexts: postoperative residual-disease control, local immunomodulation/checkpoint combination, and chemoradiotherapy sensitization. Direct evidence for the combined microneedle-sEV system in OSCC is not yet available; the analysis therefore integrates OSCC-specific sEV mechanisms with oral-mucosal microneedle and cross-disease engineering studies. We focus on whether the proposed microneedle-sEV system can preserve sEV potency, achieve reproducible local delivery, and meet oncologic-safety, manufacturing, and repeated-dose oral-safety requirements. The review provides a preclinical decision framework and comparator-based development criteria rather than a claim of clinical readiness.

Indexed as

Carcinoma, Squamous CellExtracellular VesiclesMouth NeoplasmsAnimalsHumansMicroneedle Drug Deliverylocalized drug deliverymicroneedleoral squamous cell carcinomapreclinical developmentsmall extracellular vesicles

Identifiers

PMID42738821

DOI10.3390/cells15171527

PMCPMC13564564

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.