Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42740965›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in public health2026

Health misinformation, digital health literacy, and attitudes toward science among university students: an exploratory cross-sectional survey.

Adele Sarcone, Claudia Pileggi, Carmelo Nobile, Silvio Simeone, Caterina Mercuri

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Adele SarconeHealth Sciences Department, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy.
Claudia PileggiHealth Sciences Department, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy.
Carmelo NobileClinical and Experimental Medicine Department, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy.
Silvio SimeoneClinical and Experimental Medicine Department, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy.
Caterina MercuriClinical and Experimental Medicine Department, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The spread of health misinformation through digital platforms poses an increasing challenge for public health. University students are among the most exposed groups, given their heavy reliance on online environments for health-related information. Objective: This study investigated health information sources, digital health literacy skills, criteria for evaluating information quality, use of homeopathic and alternative remedies, and attitudes toward science among students at the University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro (UMG), Italy. Methods: An exploratory cross-sectional survey was conducted on 407 UMG students (277 females, 68.06%; mean age 23.23 ± 6.15 years), enrolled in Nursing (65.36%), Medicine and Surgery (23.34%), Engineering (2.46%), and other programmes (8.85%). Data were collected via a structured self-administered questionnaire distributed through Google Forms. Descriptive statistics, independent-samples Results: Social media was the most frequently used health information source (75.43%), yet only 12.78% of students considered it reliable. The physician was identified as the most trustworthy source by 94.10% of participants. Basic digital health behaviors were common, but advanced self-reported critical evaluation abilities were markedly limited: only 15.72% self-reported the ability to critically select online health content. Attitudes toward science were generally positive. Chi-square analyses revealed sex differences in response distributions for several items, and logistic regression showed that female sex was positively associated with sensitivity to the ethical dimension of scientific work (OR = 1.61). Conclusions: Positive scientific attitudes coexisted with underdeveloped self-reported critical evaluation abilities. These findings support the integration of digital health literacy training into university curricula to better prepare students to navigate the contemporary infodemic environment.

Indexed as

CommunicationHealth LiteracyScienceStudentsAdultCross-Sectional StudiesDigital HealthDigital MediaFemaleHumansItalyMaleSocial MediaSurveys and QuestionnairesUniversitiesYoung Adultdigital health literacyfake newshealth misinformationinfodemicsocial media

Identifiers

PMID42740965
PMCPMC13572223

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.