ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Comorbidity of anxiety and dry eye disease: shared biomarkers and immune responses.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Dry eye disease (DED) and anxiety are prevalent disorders that often coexist, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying their comorbidity remain inadequately understood. This study sought to elucidate the convergent genes, pathways, and immune signatures that link DED and anxiety by employing integrated bioinformatics and experimental validation approaches. Methods: Datasets (GSE44101, GSE98793) were retrieved from the GEO database. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), differential expression analysis, and LASSO regression were utilized to identify candidate genes associated with comorbidity. Subsequently, functional enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction network analysis, immune infiltration deconvolution, and single-cell RNA sequencing were conducted. A comorbid DED-anxiety mouse model was developed using a combination of desiccating stress, 0.2% benzalkonium chloride, and chronic unpredictable mild stress. The expression of hub genes was validated through reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR) and Western blotting. Results: Researchers identified 128 candidate genes enriched in pathways like circadian rhythm. Four key genes ( Conclusion: The study suggests
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