ReviewDrug design, development and therapy2026
Natural Products Modulate Plaque Macrophage Functional Programs in Atherosclerosis.
Review in Drug design, development and therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory and immunometabolic disease in which plaque macrophages integrate lipid-derived danger signals, metabolic stress and cell-death cues to shape foam-cell formation, necrotic-core expansion, fibrous-cap integrity and plaque vulnerability. Moving beyond the conventional M1/M2 paradigm, this review conceptualizes plaque macrophages as dynamic functional states organized around interconnected programs of inflammatory sensing, immunometabolic remodeling, lipid uptake and cholesterol efflux, efferocytosis and inflammation resolution, and intracellular quality control involving autophagy, mitophagy, inflammasome activation and pyroptosis. Within this framework, natural products, phytochemicals and traditional formulas are discussed as multi-level modulators of macrophage function and plaque remodeling. Their effects converge on limiting inflammatory amplification, restoring metabolic and lipid homeostasis, enhancing clearance of dying cells, preserving mitochondrial and lysosomal integrity, and reducing inflammatory cell death. By linking macrophage functional reprogramming with plaque composition and stability, this review provides an integrated mechanistic framework for understanding the anti-atherosclerotic actions of natural products and highlights their potential as complementary strategies for targeting residual inflammatory and plaque-related risk.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.