ReviewDiscover oncology2026
Integrating locoregional therapy with systemic and emerging cellular therapies in advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
Review in Discover oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) may be liver-confined or liver-dominant after curative resection is no longer feasible. This distribution supports a role for locoregional therapy (LRT), whereas occult or established extrahepatic disease still requires systemic control. This narrative review integrates the most recent clinical and mechanistic evidence for combining LRT with chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibition, molecularly targeted treatment, and cellular therapy. Randomized phase III biliary tract cancer trials support gemcitabine-cisplatin plus durvalumab or pembrolizumab as first-line systemic therapy, but the primary analyses improved median overall survival by only 1.3 and 1.8 months. Evidence for adding LRT is less mature and heterogeneous. Prospective single-arm studies of yttrium-90 radioembolization, hepatic arterial infusion, radiotherapy, and cryoablation-based combinations report activity in selected ICC populations, but most lack a contemporary control and cannot isolate the contribution of LRT. No biomarker has validated the incremental benefit of a specific LRT. Clinical development should therefore specify the LRT modality and exposure, disease distribution, systemic backbone, treatment intent, and safety boundary. Routine adoption requires reproducible protocols, comparative survival and safety endpoints, and paired biomarker collection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.