SynthesisClinical and experimental dental research2026
Effect of Vaping on Treatment Outcomes in Patients With Gingivitis, Periodontitis, and/or Peri-Implant Disease: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Clinical and experimental dental research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis systematic review aimed to evaluate the effect of vaping on periodontal treatment outcomes for patients with gingivitis, periodontitis, and/or peri-implant disease. MATERIAL AND
methodsAn electronic database search was conducted using Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, with no date restrictions. An electronic search was conducted through June 30, 2026. Two independent reviewers extracted data according to predefined inclusion criteria and performed screening and quality appraisal. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale and the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool.
resultsSeven studies were included, involving 640 participants: 168 vapers, 138 traditional cigarette smokers, and 334 non-smokers. There was no significant difference in clinical response to periodontal and peri-implant therapy between tobacco and e-cigarette users, both of whom fared worse than non-smokers. Immunological outcomes were similar between smokers and vapers, with some exceptions, such as higher TNF-α levels in e-cigarette users. No meta-analysis was performed due to the heterogeneity of the included studies.
conclusionCurrent limited evidence suggests that vaping may be associated with less favorable periodontal and peri-implant treatment outcomes compared with non-smoking, with trends resembling those observed in cigarette smokers. Further research is required to clarify the extent to which vaping affects treatment outcomes compared to cigarette smokers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.