Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42744915›Full record

ArticleDiabetologia2026

2026 EASD evidence-based clinical practice guideline for assessing and managing diabetes distress among adults with type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes.

Jane Speight, Norbert Hermanns, Walther Jensen, Karin Kanc, Thomas Karagiannis, Michelle Law, Andreia Mocan, Femke Rutters, Jackie Sturt, Francesco Zaccardi and 1 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Diabetologia, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Embedding psychological care in diabetes services: Why it's time to innovate and integrate.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Language matters: Guidance for person-centred diabetes communication in Ireland.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2026
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Jane SpeightSchool of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia. jspeight@acbrd.org.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1204-6896
Norbert HermannsResearch Institute of the Diabetes Academy Mergentheim (FIDAM), Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2903-2677
Walther Jensen, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-3974-3051
Karin Kancjazindiabetes (Diabetes & Me), Diabetes Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7237-6782
Thomas KaragiannisClinical Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Unit, Second Medical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5242-0574
Michelle LawFaculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-1469-0320
Andreia MocanCenter for Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7678-1048
Femke RuttersAmsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1008-678X
Jackie SturtFlorence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1281-1401
Francesco ZaccardiLeicester Real World Evidence Unit, Leicester Diabetes Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2636-6487
Richard I G HoltHuman Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. r.i.g.holt@soton.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8911-6744

Funding

Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes To Jane SpeightDiabetes UK NIHR205441UK National Institute of Health Research Supporting the realist reviews
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Diabetes distress is the emotional burden that arises from living with, and self-managing, diabetes. The aim of this clinical guideline is to optimise the assessment and management of diabetes distress among adults with type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes, promoting consistent, person-centred care. The guideline was developed using the EASD Standard Operating Procedure, GRADE methodology and RIGHT reporting standards. A multidisciplinary Guideline Development Panel, including lived experience experts, formulated clinical questions using the PICOT framework. Two clinical questions were addressed: (1) optimal approaches and timing for identifying and exploring diabetes distress; (2) the effectiveness of psychological, psychoeducational, educational, peer support and technology-based interventions for reducing diabetes distress. Good Practice Statements on assessment were informed by de novo realist reviews. GRADE recommendations on management were derived from a commissioned systematic review and meta-analyses of RCTs. For adults with type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes, eight Good Practice Statements emphasise routine discussion of emotional well-being, use of validated tools, ongoing monitoring, collaborative care planning, documentation and availability of psychological support. For adults with type 1 diabetes, conditional GRADE recommendations support psychological interventions, continuous glucose monitoring and automated insulin delivery systems for reducing diabetes distress. For adults with type 2 diabetes, conditional GRADE recommendations support psychological, psychoeducational and educational interventions for reducing diabetes distress. The strengths of this guideline include its rigorous methodology and strong stakeholder engagement. Limitations include the scarcity of high-quality trials, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, and exclusion of non-randomised evidence. Implementation will require training and system-level support for integration into routine care, in addition to dissemination through peer-reviewed publications and open access formats.

Indexed as

Diabetes distressGRADEGuidelineMental healthType 1 diabetesType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.