Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42745253›Full record

ArticleJournal of translational medicine2026

Label-free Raman spectroscopic imaging enables high-content molecular phenotyping of respiratory diseases from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.

Ying Zhou, Minhao Fan, Xiaoli Ge, Xiaoyu Zhao, Cunyin Yuan, Xinhui Gong, Yong Ji, Yubao Cui

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Article in Journal of translational medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ying Zhou *Department of Pediatrics Laboratory, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214023, China.
Minhao Fan *Respiratory Department, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214023, China.
Xiaoli Ge *Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, China.
Xiaoyu ZhaoDepartment of Materials, Department of Bioengineering & Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
Cunyin YuanClinical Research Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China.
Xinhui GongClinical Research Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China.
Yong JiDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China. jiyongmyp@njmu.edu.cn.
Yubao CuiClinical Research Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China. ybcui1975@hotmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7736-8012

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundConventional BALF analysis is limited by time-consuming labeling, poor multiplexing, and lack of spatial resolution-constraints that Raman imaging can overcome through label-free, multiplexed molecular mapping. However, its clinical application to BALF remains unexplored. We aimed to address this gap by establishing a Raman imaging platform for simultaneous biomarker detection across respiratory diseases.

methodsFresh BALF samples were collected from patients diagnosed with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (n = 6), lobar pneumonia (n = 6), asthma (n = 6), and asthmatic bronchitis (n = 6), along with healthy controls (n = 6), following standard protocols. An automated Raman imaging method was then developed to identify biomarkers in BALF using confocal Raman microscopy.

resultsOur method enables the simultaneous Raman spectroscopy imaging of nine biomarkers in BALF samples across different respiratory diseases, including glycogen, hyaluronic acid, four specific proteins, and three lipid types. An entire saturated lipid droplet in the BALF of·asthmatic bronchitis was observed and reconstructed. Based on the reconstructed Raman images of biomarkers, we achieved rapid and stain-free differentiation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, lobar pneumonia, asthma, and asthmatic bronchitis. Our method can complete Raman data acquisition and Raman imaging reconstruction within 10 minutes.

conclusionsRaman images highlighted the unique distribution characteristics of various biomarkers, serving as a novel and rapid method for BALF testing and respiratory diseases diagnosis.

Indexed as

Bronchoalveolar Lavage FluidRespiratory Tract DiseasesSpectrum Analysis, RamanBiomarkersHumansPhenotypeBiomarkersBronchoalveolar lavage fluidMachine learningMultiplexed biomarkersRaman spectroscopy imagingRespiratory disease

Identifiers

PMID42745253
PMCPMC13579868

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.