ArticlePloS one2026
Self-compassion and self-efficacy as biopsychosocial resources in healthy aging: Associations with pain, health behaviors, postural awareness, and quality of life.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveThis study examined the associations of self-compassion and self-efficacy with geriatric pain, postural awareness, health-promoting lifestyle behaviors, and quality of life in community-dwelling older adults in Turkey.
methodsIn this cross-sectional study, 280 individuals were screened and 179 adults aged ≥65 years were included in the final analyses. Participants completed validated instruments including the Geriatric Pain Measure, Self-Compassion Scale, Self-Efficacy Scale, Postural Awareness Scale, Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP), and quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF).
resultsSelf-efficacy emerged as the most consistent predictor across outcomes. In the hierarchical model predicting quality of life, the final model explained 61.4% of the variance (R² = 0.614); self-efficacy (β = 0.340) was a positive predictor and geriatric pain (β=-0.346) a negative predictor, with health responsibility (β = 0.328) and interpersonal support (β = 0.181) also contributing (all p < 0.05). In the hierarchical models predicting HPLP subdimensions and the total score, the final models explained 21-40% of the variance (R² = 0.21-0.40); self-efficacy was a positive predictor across all subdimensions and the total score, self-compassion was the strongest predictor of nutrition (β = 0.436), and postural awareness was the strongest predictor of stress management (β = 0.300), whereas geriatric pain negatively predicted several domains. For geriatric pain, self-compassion (β=-0.205) and postural awareness (β=-0.212) were significant negative predictors, whereas self-efficacy was not (R² = 0.141). Bivariate associations were consistent with these models: HPLP total score showed the strongest correlation with quality of life (ρ = 0.575), which was also correlated with self-efficacy (ρ = 0.497) and self-compassion (ρ = 0.424); self-compassion was positively correlated with HPLP total score (ρ = 0.411) and self-efficacy (ρ = 0.376) and negatively correlated with geriatric pain (ρ=-0.267) (all p < 0.05).
conclusionSelf-efficacy was consistently associated with health-promoting behaviors and quality of life, while self-compassion and postural awareness showed more domain-specific associations with pain and lifestyle behaviors. These findings support a biopsychosocial assessment approach in older adults but do not establish that interventions targeting these resources would improve clinical outcomes.
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