Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42749934›Full record

ArticleBiomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology2026

Interface geometry governs probe insertion mechanics and electrode deviation in layered brain-mimicking phantoms for deep brain stimulation.

Siyu Chen, Chengyuan Wu, Ethan Anders, Rungun Nathan, Olivia M Bailey, Qifu Wang, Curtis L Johnson, Qianhong Wu

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Siyu ChenCellular Biomechanics and Sports Science Laboratory, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA.
Chengyuan WuDepartment of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Ethan AndersCellular Biomechanics and Sports Science Laboratory, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA.
Rungun NathanPennsylvania State University Berks, Reading, PA, USA.
Olivia M BaileyDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
Qifu WangCellular Biomechanics and Sports Science Laboratory, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA.
Curtis L JohnsonDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
Qianhong WuCellular Biomechanics and Sports Science Laboratory, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA. qianhong.wu@villanova.edu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6216-5674

Funding

National Science Foundation No. 2322067
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder often treated with Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), a surgical procedure that involves implanting electrodes to improve motor function. Accurate electrode placement is critical for treatment efficacy but can be influenced by tissue deformation, insertion forces, and the mechanical properties of brain tissue. In this study, we investigated the role of layer interface angle as a controlled biomechanical factor affecting insertion forces and electrode deviation. A two-layer agar gel phantom was constructed to produce a prescribed stiffness transition between a lower-stiffness and a higher-stiffness gel layer, and its small-amplitude dynamic shear-stiffness contrast was characterized using magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) at 100 Hz. A stage-wise analytical model was formulated to describe the Z-direction axial force-depth response

Indexed as

BrainDeep Brain StimulationPhantoms, ImagingBiomechanical PhenomenaElasticity Imaging TechniquesElectrodesHumansBiomechanicsDeep brain stimulationElectrode deviationMagnetic resonance elastographyProbe insertionTissue interface

Identifiers

PMID42749934
PMCPMC13582109

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.